Land of the Sudan, is a title named by Arab to that part of Africa situated South of sahara desert, and extends from Atlantic Ocean Westward, to Red Sea and Indian Ocean Eastward, meanwhile the land that situated South Egypt in a middle part of the Nile basic
Known as the above mentioned title, or precisely Sudan of the Nile valley.
The Sudan today occupying in its political demarcation, million square mile, it bounds on Egypt and Libya Northward, Kenya, Uganda and Congo Southward, Chad and Central Africa Republic Westward, Eritrea and Red Sea Eastward.
Sudan occupies Northeast part of Africa, between 22.4 Latitude North of Equator and 38.22 Longitude. Nine Countries lie between its common political boundaries all Africa, two all Arab Countries (Egypt and Libya), and seven Countries (Congo, Central Africa Republic, Uganda, Kenya, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Chad) This location makes Sudan the main key Passy way to link between Arab Africa of Northern part and black African Southern part of the Continent.
Area of the Sudan estimated as 2.5 million square km, therefore it has become the biggest Country in Africa, as it classified eleventh among the biggest Country in the world in term of area.
As a result of its big area, many respects being existed, sent as differences in ecological environment, its resources, its natural resources as well as several races and their cultures.
Climate:
Tropical climate prevails in the Sudan which is characterized by a high degree of temperature throughout the year, and gradually tend to be the driest in far North, and semi humid in far South. Temperature reach its highest rate in summer (March – October), whereas daily rate reach in May and July up to 42.9 Celsius in the South.
Rains in the Sudan is described as an increasing one that fall in the area between equator and Cancer line, except Red Sea shore where rain falls in winter.
Water in the Sudan:
River Nile and its tributaries are characterized by being huge water resources which cover approximately 25000 square meter, and annual water supply of River Nile estimated as 85 milliard cubic meter, 59.9% of which is supplied by Blue Nile. River Nile plays an effective economic, social and cultural role in the area as well as external relations of the Sudan, particularly with countries situated along River Nile.
The Nile water and its tributaries being exploited in irrigation, generating power from Rusairis, Sinar and Khashum Al Girba dam and navigation as well as fishery.
Red Sea is the only port in the Sudan that links it with the external world. There are several other ports such as Port Sudan, Sawakin and Oseif. Furthermore, there are also several sub-harbours.
Wild life:
The Sudan is quite rich with its wild life where existence of ecological environment upon which many species diversity spread all over from the desert up to the equatorial forests. Among thirteen of the mammal class that exist in Africa, there are twelve of which in Sudan comprise of great numbers of families and species such as elephants, buffalos giraffes, rhinoceros, gazelles, apes; and wild animals such as lions, hyenas, etc.
Hides of snakes and wild animal, ivory, horn of rhinoceros and ostrich feather are considered to be an important part of the Sudan exports to external world until late of nineteenth century. In addition to that, the concerned resource plays great role in enriching the folklore, cultural heritage of the people. |
